Tag Archive for: Juvederm

HPV and Cancer: How Are They Connected?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) within the United States. It infects more than 40 million individuals, usually those in their late teens and early 20s, each year. However, these numbers are only estimates, and we will soon discuss why this is the case.

Understanding HPV

There are over 200 different types of HPV, and around 40 of them infect the genital area and the mouth/throat. The other HPV types can cause common warts, such as plantar warts on feet or hand warts, but they are not sexually transmitted.

HPV as an STI is spread through oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who is infected with the virus, although vaginal and anal sex are the most common ways in which it is transmitted. Even more important to note is that HPV can also spread through close skin-on-skin contact when having sex.

One reason why HPV is so commonly spread is that it is possible (and common) to transmit this infection without experiencing any symptoms. Because of this, many people are unaware they have HPV and do not know they should take precautions to prevent its transmission. In fact, some people may not even develop symptoms until years after they become infected, which provides ample time to unknowingly spread the virus to someone else.

Diagnosing HPV

Now that we know how common HPV is, it is only natural to wonder what the detection process for HPV looks like, but unfortunately, there is no way to determine if someone has HPV. This is yet another reason why HPV is so easy to spread, because there’s no way to know if you have it until other health problems appear.

The only HPV tests that exist are to screen for cervical cancer, but they are only intended for screening in women who are 30 years or older. This means that there is no test whatsoever for teenagers, young adults, or men of all ages.

This is why the number of HPV cases each year is only an estimate because, with no diagnostic test beyond cervical cancer screening and genital wart detection, there is no way to know for certain how many people have HPV. However, we do know that it is so common that, without being vaccinated, any sexually active person can expect to contract it.

Health Problems Associated with HPV

Most of the time, HPV goes away on its own within two years without causing any health problems. However, some types of HPV do not go away on their own and can cause genital warts or even cancer.

Unfortunately, there is no way to know who will develop genital warts or cancer from their HPV infection and who will find that it goes away on its own. The only consideration is that those with a weak immune system, such as those with HIV, may not be as capable of fighting off HPV, which may cause them to be more likely to develop health problems. However, that does not mean that those who do not have HIV or other immune-reducing health conditions are safe.

Genital Warts

Those who develop genital warts from HPV often first notice a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. These bumps vary in appearance, sometimes being small, large, flat, raised, or even shaped like a cauliflower. Your healthcare practitioner can diagnose any unusual bumps as genital warts through a visual examination of them.

Of the 200+ types of HPV, most cases of genital warts result from just two, types 6 and 11.

Cancer

In some cases, HPV may cause cancer, including cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer (cancer of the back of the throat), or cancers of the vagina, vulva, anus, or penis.

There are at least a dozen types of HPV that can potentially lead to cancer, although most cancer cases stem from types 16 and 18. These two types of HPV are considered high-risk HPV, in comparison to genital warts-related HPV, which is considered to be low-risk.

How Does HPV Cause Cancer?

Taking a closer look at the way HPV affects the body, we can gain some understanding of how it can lead to cancer.

It all starts when high-risk HPV infects the cells in the body and begins interfering with how these cells communicate with each other. This then causes the infected cells to multiply uncontrollably.

Now, your immune system is good at its job, so it recognizes and controls these infected cells in many cases. However, sometimes the infected cells can continue growing, eventually forming an area of precancerous cells. If not treated, this can become cancer.

However, this is not a quick process, with research showing that it can take 10-20+ years for cervical cells infected by HPV to become a cancerous tumor.

In addition to having type 16 or 18 of HPV, which are aggressive types, smoking cigarettes or having a weakened immune system can increase the risk of a long-lasting infection that leads to precancerous cells.

Treatment for HPV-Related Conditions

There is no treatment for HPV itself; once infected, you can only let it work through your system, leaving on its own accord or evolving into something else. However, should HPV become genital warts or cancer, treatments are available.

For those with genital warts, your healthcare provider can prescribe medication or perform procedures to help them go away. Treatment is not always necessary, as genital warts may go away on their own; however, there is also a chance of them staying the same or increasing in number or size without treatment.

Cervical precancer treatments are also available to help address problems before they develop into cancer. Routine Pap tests and follow-up care are the best way to increase your chances of capturing cervical cancer early.

Other cancers related to HPV are also more easily treatable when detected early, and treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.

How To Prevent HPV And Its Health Problems

Because of how easily HPV spreads and its potential to cause serious health problems, it is crucial for anyone who is sexually active to play their role in preventing the spread of this STI.

Get Vaccinated

The first thing you can do to prevent HPV infection is to receive the vaccination. The CDC recommends that all preteens aged 11 or 12 receive the vaccine. For those who were not vaccinated as a preteen, the CDC then recommends vaccination for anyone 26 or younger.

While getting the vaccine is not recommended for anyone over the age of 26, those between the ages of 27 and 45 may decide to get the vaccine after discussing with their doctor their risk for HPV infection. However, it is important to note that vaccination within this age range provides less benefit because most sexually active adults have already been exposed to HPV.

Get Screened for Cervical Cancer

It is recommended for women aged 21 to 65 to receive routine screening for cervical cancer. This ensures that, if you develop cancer, it is detected early, which increases treatment success.

Routine screening is recommended for everyone, not just those who know they have HPV. Not only is it a crucial step in preventive care, but it also protects you in case you have HPV and are unaware.

There are 12,000 women each year who develop cervical cancer, and 4,000 die from this disease, even with screenings and treatment available. This is not considering the other conditions and cancers that result from HPV, with an estimated 19,400 women and 12,100 men experiencing cancer that stems from HPV infection.

With these statistics, early detection and treatment are key.

Use Condoms Correctly

Using condoms correctly each time you have sex, especially with a new partner, can help lower your chances of HPV significantly. However, it is important to remember that it is still possible to get HPV, even when using a condom, because it can infect the areas that the condom does not cover.

Still, next to abstaining from sex, using a condom each time you have sex is one of the best ways to help prevent HPV.

Be in a Mutually Monogamous Relationship

There is an increased risk of HPV infection with each new partner you have, so being in a relationship with someone where you only have sex with each other can help reduce your risk of HPV infection.

HPV and Cancer

HPV is the most common STI, with estimates that anyone who is sexually active is likely to come into contact with HPV at some point in their life. Most cases of HPV are not harmful and go away on their own. However, in some cases, genital warts or cancer may develop.

The most common types of HPV to cause cancer are types 16 and 18, which are aggressive and interfere with cell communication, causing infected cells to overgrow and precancerous areas to form. This cancer takes decades to develop, though, which is why routine Pap tests are crucial for detecting any abnormalities before they develop into cancer.

The best way to protect yourself from HPV is to get vaccinated and maintain a monogamous relationship. However, it also helps to receive routine cancer screening just in case something more serious develops, since early treatment gives you the best chance of cancer survival.

References

HPV Fact Sheet. (2022). https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm

HPV and Cancer. (2022). https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer

What Is HPV & How Do You Get It?. (2022). Retrieved 19 December 2022, from https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hpv

 

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

Kava and Kratom: Benefits and Differences

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While society is placing a growing emphasis on “natural” ingredients, this is often a misleading term as most assume that natural, plant-derived ingredients are safe and healthy. However, that is not always the case. As with all things taken for health-promoting purposes, it is still important to be aware of the natural products you take, their effects on the body, and their potential risks.

Two natural products increasing in popularity are kava and kratom. While they offer benefits, there are also some risks to be aware of with these products to ensure you are using them safely.

What is Kava?

Kava is derived from the roots of the kava plant, which belongs to the pepper family and is naturally found in countries such as Indonesia and Fiji. In these countries, the root of the kava plant is often used to make different types of juice beverages and teas. In some restaurants, you may find kava root mixed with water or coconut milk to create a recreationally or socially consumed drink. In history, kava has also made an appearance in ceremonial rituals.

As for its use in the United States, kava is used as a supplement, tea, or an ingredient in baked goods for its relaxing qualities.

Benefits of Kava

Kava is often used to relieve anxiety and promote sleep, and research into its benefits confirms these results.

In a randomized trial from 2013, 75 people with anxiety disorders were given kava extract or a placebo for six weeks. At the study’s conclusion, the scientists found that kava had a small yet significant ability to reduce anxiety symptoms.

The NIH also confirms that a good amount of research into kava for anxiety has been reported, yet as of now, there is not enough evidence to support its use for other conditions.

However, research into the benefits of kava for sleep is growing, with one study finding that kava was able to reduce stress and insomnia in those who took it. Another study also found that, in addition to helping people fall asleep, kava also showed an ability to improve sleep quality.

What is Kratom?

Kratom comes from a plant related to coffee, with those in kratom’s native countries (in Southeast Asia) often chewing the leaves of kratom for pain relief and energy. However, some of these countries have recently banned kratom because of a growing concern for its potentially addictive qualities. Despite this, kratom is still exported to other countries, such as the US, and its leaves are often crushed and processed to create nutritional supplements.

These supplements may come in powder, liquid, or capsule forms. The liquid extract form, in particular, provides kratom in a potent concentration, which is easy for users to consume in high doses.

Kratom offers relaxation for those who use it in addition to promotion of well-being or help with various mental and physical health issues.

Benefits of Kratom

As for the health benefits of kratom, there is currently very little reliable scientific evidence to support the claims made about this supplement.

For example, a 2017 survey suggests that using kratom may help relieve the symptoms of mood disorders and alleviate pain. However, the survey was based on self-reporting, which makes it more difficult to gauge which responses are factual and unbiased.

Yet another study on kratom found that it could improve opioid tolerance in mice, which might help with symptoms of opioid withdrawal. However, these results have not yet been confirmed in human studies.

A 2017 review of the benefits of kratom weighed with the risks found that kratom possesses benefits that include sedative and stimulant effectives, inhibition of inflammatory markers, and enhanced immunity. However, the authors of the review could not determine through the data analysis if the benefits offered by kratom outweighed its toxicity and risks, and they strongly suggest that the potential side effects outweigh the benefits.

How Do Kava and Kratom Differ?

While these two plants can offer similar effects on the body, they are overall very different. For starters, they come from different plant families and produce their effects through different mechanisms. The intentions for these supplements also differ.

Effects

Kava and kratom often seem as though they offer similar relaxing effects on the body, but there is more to their effects than that, which allows clear differences to arise.

Kava acts similarly to a sedative or depressant and is often used to help someone relax or sleep. Kava can also affect a part of the brain closely linked to emotion, affecting someone’s mood.

In comparison, the effects of Kratom differ based on the strain. For example, the Maeng Da strain acts similarly to a stimulant and pain killer, while the Bali strain produces a euphoria similar to opioids. In comparison, kava does not produce a high similar to opioids and, as such, does not have the same risk of tolerance or addiction that kratom carries.

The effect of kratom also depends on the dose, with smaller quantities producing stimulating effects like coffee, whereas larger doses have effects that more closely resemble opioids.

Dangers

While both kava and kratom are derived from plants, they each carry a unique set of physical and mental health risks.

One of the greatest risks of kava root is potential liver damage, although it is still unclear how this liver damage results. Additionally, this does not affect most people who use kava.

Other dangers of kava, which are more common when taken in higher dosages, include:

  • dizziness
  • shortness of breath
  • confusion
  • nausea
  • skin problems

When it comes to the dangers of these supplements, those associated with kratom are typically more concerning, mainly because of its potential for addiction and overdose. In fact, research has shown that kratom can cause addiction and symptoms of withdrawal similar to heroin and other opioids. Because of this, kratom has been under scrutiny by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and DEA due to safety concerns.

Kratom causes addiction in the same way that opioids do, which is linked to the part of the brain it activates. Kratom contains alkaloids, which act as opiate receptor agonists similar to morphine and other opiates. This means that while kratom is not an opiate itself, it produces very similar effects to opiates.

Kratom also offers euphoric effects, which some people may come to rely upon, further aiding addiction. Because of this, those with a history of substance misuse are at a greater risk of becoming addicted to kratom. Frequently using kratom, especially at a high dose, also increases the risk of addiction significantly.

It is also possible for those who take kratom regularly and then stop to experience withdrawal, which can cause symptoms such as:

  • diarrhea
  • decreased appetite
  • muscle spasms
  • muscle pain
  • anxiety
  • twitches
  • watery eyes
  • trouble sleeping
  • negative mood changes
  • anger
  • tension
  • hot flashes
  • nervousness
  • fever

Overdose is also possible with kratom, with a 2019 analysis released by the CDC finding that of 27,000 deaths related to drug overdose, 91 were due to kratom. Additionally, scientists believe that using kratom with other illicit substances significantly increases the risk of overdose.

Some of the other dangers of kratom include:

  • delusions or hallucinations
  • sweating
  • nausea
  • constipation
  • dry mouth
  • increased urination

Scientists have also reported a range of severe symptoms that can result from kratom abuse, such as:

  • hepatitis
  • acute liver failure
  • acute lung injury
  • damage to the heart
  • cognitive impairment
  • seizures
  • coma
  • acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • acute kidney injury

Legality

Kava is legal in all states within the United States and has also never found itself as a subject of controversy. This supplement can even be found in some stores, such as grocery stores and pharmacies.

In comparison, the legality of kratom varies on where you are. Currently, it is on the Drug Enforcement Agency’s (DEA’s) “drugs of concern” list, and the DEA has given individual states and counties the responsibility of determining its legality. As of 2022, 6 states have made kratom use illegal, and its legality is pending legislation in an additional 5 states.

Kava vs. Kratom

Kava and kratom are two plant-derived substances that have been increasing in popularity amongst those looking for “natural” solutions. When kratom is administered in a high dosage, it shares benefits with kava that include pain relief, relaxation, and stress reduction. However, these higher doses of kratom also come with euphoric experiences due to its opioid-like effects, which can become addictive and potentially harmful. In comparison, kava is not addictive and is legal in all locations.

Research regarding the health benefits of kava is also more conclusive, whereas kratom’s health benefits are primarily unsupported by research or are not shown to outweigh the risks.

While natural remedies are seeing more time in the spotlight recently and are increasing in excitement, it is still important to remember that even plant-based medicines can harm you, which is why it is always best to look at scientific reports or discuss with your doctor before beginning a new supplement.

 

References

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Kava. (2020). https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/kava#hed4

Olsen EO, O’Donnell J, Mattson CL, Schier JG, Wilson N. Notes from the Field: Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths with Kratom Detected — 27 States, July 2016–December 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:326–327. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6814a2external icon.

Eastlack, S., Cornett, E., & Kaye, A. (2020). Kratom—Pharmacology, Clinical Implications, and Outlook: A Comprehensive Review. Pain And Therapy, 9(1), 55-69. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00151-x

U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration. Drugs of Abuse. (2017). https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/sites/getsmartaboutdrugs.com/files/publications/DoA_2017Ed_Updated_6.16.17.pdf#page=84

Sarris, J., Stough, C., Bousman, C.A., Wahid, Z.T., Murray, G., Teschke, R., Savage, K., Dowell, A., Ng, C.H., & Schweitzer, I. (2013). Kava in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 33, 643–648.

Wheatley D. (2001). Stress-induced insomnia treated with kava and valerian: singly and in combination. Human psychopharmacology, 16(4), 353–356. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.299

Lehrl S. (2004). Clinical efficacy of kava extract WS 1490 in sleep disturbances associated with anxiety disorders. Results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 78(2), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00238-0

Fluyau, D., & Revadigar, N. (2017). Biochemical Benefits, Diagnosis, and Clinical Risks Evaluation of Kratom. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00062

Grundmann O. (2017). Patterns of Kratom use and health impact in the US-Results from an online survey. Drug and alcohol dependence, 176, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.007

Eastlack, S., Cornett, E., & Kaye, A. (2020). Kratom—Pharmacology, Clinical Implications, and Outlook: A Comprehensive Review. Pain And Therapy, 9(1), 55-69. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00151-x

 

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

O-Shot® for Improving the Female Orgasm

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For women struggling to orgasm, and not for lack of effort on their partner’s part, things can seem immensely frustrating. Or, maybe you can orgasm, but it is a significant letdown and not as satisfying as you expected. Whatever disappointment you are experiencing around the female orgasm, an O-Shot® can help.

Also known as the orgasm shot, the O-Shot utilizes the basics of regenerative medicine to remedy sexual dysfunction and improve your sex life.

What is Sexual Dysfunction?

Much as the name suggests, sexual dysfunction occurs when the body’s reaction to a sexual interaction does not go as it should. For women, this can mean a lack of sexual desire, inability to become aroused, or inability to orgasm during sex.

Sexual dysfunction is not uncommon, with studies suggesting that around 43% of women experience it at least once in their lives.

Sexual dysfunction can dramatically affect a woman’s overall health, which is why the O-Shot, with its use of PRP therapy, is a promising remedy.

Using PRP Therapy

The O-Shot utilizes platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, which is a form of regenerative medicine that uses the body’s own healing capacity in a targeted manner.

Platelet-rich plasma is a component of our blood that possesses growth factors, which enable the body to heal itself. By isolating this portion of the blood and then increasing the amount of it injected back into the body, healing can be amplified. For the O-Shot, which injects PRP into areas of the vagina, healing involves creating new nerves and blood vessels.

While there is still a lot unknown about how exactly PRP helps the body heal itself, research into its mechanism of action shows that it can release up to 35 different growth factors or healing substances.

This is likely because the platelets injected during PRP allow the area that received the injection to attract your body’s own stem cells, which are blank cells that can differentiate, or become, any type of cell in the body. With stem cells, the body is able to build new tissue and repair damaged tissue, fixing any dysfunction.

Benefits of the O-Shot

Some of the benefits observed in females who receive the O-Shot include:

  • increased arousal
  • increased sexual desire
  • an intensified orgasm during masturbation or sex
  • increased lubrication

These benefits combine to make you more interested in sex and give you a more satisfying conclusion to your sexual experiences.

Preparing For The O-Shot

For those interested in improving their female orgasm and increasing their sexual satisfaction, the O-Shot may be an ideal treatment for you. Before receiving this treatment, though, you will need to meet with a doctor to discuss your symptoms and rule out other health conditions that may be contributing to your low libido or lack of orgasm.

To make this process smoother, it is helpful to have information regarding your sexual and health history available so that your doctor can be as well-informed as possible.

What to Expect

When receiving an O-Shot, the most concerning part is often preparing oneself to receive an injection “down there,” a place where it is safe to say all women would rather not have a needle. However, this procedure is not painful to receive, and knowing what to expect can help to further decrease your nerves.

Once your doctor has determined that you are a good fit for the O-Shot, they will ask you to remove all clothing from your lower body. They will then apply numbing cream to the labia, clit, and/or G-spot. This helps the procedure become painless.

Your doctor will then take a sample of your blood and spin it in a centrifuge, which separates the plasma from the platelets.

Once the platelets have been separated, your doctor will inject a local anesthetic into your labia, clit, and/or G-spot before injecting your platelets into the same area(s).

After receiving your injection, the procedure is complete, and you are free to leave. The whole procedure typically takes 30 minutes, so only a small portion of your day.

Recovery

Recovering from the O-Shot does not take very long, and at most, you may have a little sensitivity at the injection site for a day or two. In fact, recovery is so minor that many people who receive the O-Shot can go on to have sex the very same day as their treatment.

Recovery can be different for everyone, though, so it is best to discuss what to expect from recovery with your provider before and after receiving your O-Shot.

Results of the O-Shot

Within the first few days to one week, heightened sensation in the treated area is common.

By three weeks, the body will have begun developing new tissue, and by three months, it will have reached its peak development. Even more, the results seen in tissue repair and growth can last at least a year.

Side Effects of the O-Shot

A 2014 pilot study of the O-shot found that two of the 11 women who participated experienced the following side effects:

  • ejaculatory orgasm
  • continuous sexual arousal
  • spontaneous orgasm
  • sexual arousal with urination

However, no long-term complications have been reported with the use of the O-Shot.

Another more recent study on 68 women reported no extreme sexual arousal or ejaculating problems or other serious side effects.

These studies suggest that side effects from the O-Shot are unlikely and only temporary when they do occur. However, it is always recommended to discuss potential side effects, and your risk of them, with your doctor before receiving an O-Shot.

Improve Female Orgasms with the O-Shot®

For women experiencing sexual dysfunction, the O-Shot offers a way to increase libido and help you attain the coveted orgasm, all through the targeted treatment of your body’s own healing powers.

Using PRP therapy injected into the clit, labia, and/or G-spot, the O-Shot can help your body repair damaged tissue and build new tissue, addressing the causes of sexual dysfunction on a cellular level. With a quick recovery time and results within just a few weeks, the O-Shot takes the best of regenerative medicine and offers a way to improve your sex life.

 

References

Rosen R. C. (2000). Prevalence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in men and women. Current psychiatry reports, 2(3), 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-996-0006-2

Dawood, A., & Salem, H. (2018). Current clinical applications of platelet-rich plasma in various gynecological disorders: An appraisal of theory and practice. Clinical And Experimental Reproductive Medicine, 45(2), 67-74. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2018.45.2.67

Runels C, Melnick H, Debourbon E, Roy L (2014) A Pilot Study of the Effect of Localized Injections of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction. J Women’s Health Care 3: 169. doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000169

Neto JB (2017) O-Shot: Platelets Rich Plasma in Intimate Female Treatment. J Women’s Health Care 6: 395. doi: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000395

 

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

P-Shot® for Erectile Dysfunction and Prevention

As a man engaging in intimate activities with a partner, few things are more frustrating than realizing that your body has not gotten the memo about where you would like things to progress to, or for you to be in the middle of “getting it on,” only for your erection to call it quits before you are finished.

For men in this situation, the P-Shot® offers a solution that addresses erectile dysfunction and prevents future problems from occurring.

Short for Priapus Shot, the P-Shot utilizes PRP therapy to promote tissue growth and improve erection quality, offering a solution for erectile dysfunction that uses the body’s own healing properties.

What Is Erectile Dysfunction?

The most common sex problem reported by men is erectile dysfunction (ED), which occurs when a man struggles to get or keep an erection hard enough to have sex. ED is not an uncommon problem for men to experience, and is estimated to affect 30 million men in the United States.

Even though it is something that men commonly experience, it is not any less frustrating when it occurs.

Causes of ED

There are many different causes of ED, influencing the treatment that will be most effective.

Different causes include:

  • nerve damage
  • blood flow blockage
  • stress or emotional reasons
  • more serious illnesses, such as heart disease, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, or high blood sugar

In most cases, ED results when nerves are damaged or blood flow to the penis is restricted, two causes that can be addressed through PRP therapy and the P-Shot.

To better understand how these scenarios cause ED, it is first essential to understand what happens when someone experiences an erection.

When sexually aroused, the nerves release chemicals that increase blood flow to the penis. The penis has two chambers of spongy muscle tissue, and when an erection occurs, this tissue relaxes and traps blood. This causes blood pressure in the chambers to rise, increasing firmness in the penis and causing an erection.

An orgasm occurs when a second set of nerve signals reaches the penis, causing the muscular tissue to contract. With this, the blood trapped in the penis returns to the man’s circulation, and the erection goes away.

Now that we know how an erection occurs, we can better understand how the above causes may result in ED. For example, if there is insufficient blood flow to the penis, a man’s erection will not be firm enough to have sex. Additionally, blood flow can be normal, but if the penis cannot trap the blood, it will not be able to hold an erection.

Nerves also play an important role in initiating an erection, so if nerve signals cannot reach the penis, the body will not know to increase blood flow to the penis.

Because of the many causes of ED, it is crucial to determine what is causing your ED to determine if the P-Shot is a viable option for your erectile dysfunction. For example, it is an advantageous treatment option for those suffering from poor nerve signals, but it will not help those suffering from emotional causes, such as depression or stress.

Understanding the limits of the P-Shot ensures you only undergo this treatment if there is a possibility for improvement.

What is PRP Therapy?

With PRP therapy, the body’s healing properties target a damaged or dysfunctional part of the body. For those with ED, the area targeted is the penis.

PRP therapy involves taking a sample of blood, which your doctor then spins in a centrifuge to separate the platelets from the other parts of your blood. Platelets are a part of the immune system, and when injected back into the body at a high concentration, they stimulate the immune system and your body’s healing properties.

It’s important to note that much about PRP therapy is still unknown, specifically regarding how it produces the benefits we have seen. However, research into its mechanism of action shows that it can release up to 35 different growth factors or healing substances, which scientists suspect play at least some role in PRP’s benefits, even if this is not the only effect it has on the body.

Scientists predict that these growth factors result from the stimulation of stem cells to the injected location. Stem cells have the ability to become any type of cell in the body, such as nerve or muscle cells. When directed toward a part of the body that has damaged tissue, the stem cells can repair the damage or build new tissue, which helps address dysfunction.

Preparing for the P-Shot

For those interested in the benefits offered by the P-Shot, it is important to first check if it is a good treatment choice.

To determine this, you should meet with your doctor and rule out other health conditions. There are many causes of ED, and the P-Shot may not be the best option for you, depending on what contributes to your ED.

Once your doctor has ruled out other causes of ED, you can then discuss the P-Shot as a treatment option.

What to Expect

The P-Shot is an outpatient procedure completed within a few hours.

Once your doctor has determined that you are a good fit for the P-Shot, they will ask you to remove all clothing on the lower part of your body. They will then apply a numbing cream to the genital area in addition to a local anesthetic.

Your doctor will take a blood sample, typically from a non-invasive place like your arm. They will then spin the blood sample in a centrifuge, which separates the platelets from the rest of your blood.

Once the PRP serum is created, they will extract it from the test tube into syringes. The serum is then injected into a few spots of the penile shaft.

Follow-Up Care

Those who receive the P-Shot will also be given a penis pump, which helps draw blood into the penis and ensures your treatment works as expected. Your doctor will provide you with exact rules to follow, but common instructions involve using the penis pump for 10 minutes each day for a few weeks.

It is essential to follow your doctor’s instructions regarding treatment duration, as using it too often or for too long can damage the elastic tissue that makes up the penis, which could then lead to fewer firm erections.

Recovery

Recovery from the P-Shot is quick, with most men resuming their normal activities the same day or the next.

However, it is crucial to avoid having sexual intercourse for a couple of days after the procedure to prevent infection of the injection site. Additionally, limiting physical activity for a few days after your procedure is best, as sweating or chafing can irritate the injection area.

Results of the P-Shot

The benefits of the P-Shot seen in those who receive it can include:

  • easier time achieving an erection
  • stronger, firmer erections
  • increased sensitivity
  • increased penis length and girth
  • improved sexual stamina

The time it takes to see results can vary by person, with some people seeing results right away after just one treatment, whereas others may need multiple treatments or several months to see results.

How quickly your body shows results can vary based on how easily it responds to the P-Shot, what factors contribute to your sexual dysfunction, and how long you have been experiencing these problems.

In general, most individuals see peak effects with 3-6 treatments, with a change in responses first observed after the second treatment. After a month or two of treatment, they typically reach their peak results. So, while results can be seen just one day after the first treatment, that is not the norm.

The P-Shot also does more than treat ED, it can help prevent it from occurring by continually rejuvenating the penile tissue and blood vessels. This then helps to keep the nerves and blood vessels functioning properly.

Side Effects of the P-Shot

There are some minor side effects of the P-Shot that typically go away in 4-6 days, and they can include:

  • redness
  • swelling
  • bruising

In rare cases, complications such as scarring, infection, or outbreaks of cold sores (if you have a history of herpes) may occur.

It is always recommended to discuss with your doctor your risk of these side effects.

P-Shot® for Treating and Preventing ED

Despite being common in men, ED can significantly impact mental health, making treatment all the more important. While there are many causes of ED, poor blood flow and nerve dysfunction are the most common, which the P-Shot can help with.

Using the body’s own healing properties through PRP therapy, the P-Shot injects platelets directly into the penis, encouraging the body to heal damaged tissue and repair nerves, addressing causes of ED and preventing future instances of ED from occurring. For men interested in improving or maintaining their sexual health, the P-Shot® is one way to do so.

References

Dysfunction, D., & Health, N. (2022). Definition & Facts for Erectile Dysfunction | NIDDK. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/definition-facts

Dawood, A., & Salem, H. (2018). Current clinical applications of platelet-rich plasma in various gynecological disorders: An appraisal of theory and practice. Clinical And Experimental Reproductive Medicine, 45(2), 67-74. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2018.45.2.67

Krzastek, S., Bopp, J., Smith, R., & Kovac, J. (2019). Recent advances in the understanding and management of erectile dysfunction. F1000research, 8, 102. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.16576.1

Kumar, C. (2017). 265 Combined Treatment of Injecting Platelet Rich Plasma With Vacuum Pump for Penile Enlargement. The Journal Of Sexual Medicine, 14(1), S78. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.174

Scott, S., Roberts, M., & Chung, E. (2019). Platelet-Rich Plasma and Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Critical Review of Literature and Global Trends in Platelet-Rich Plasma Clinics. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 7(2), 306-312. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.12.006

 

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

Semaglutide for Weight Loss: Facts, Benefits, and Risks

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Weight is a common concern and struggle in modern-day society, with many people trying to lose weight but making no progress despite their best efforts. In addition to the impact excess weight leaves on your self-esteem, it is also a common contributing factor to many health conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes.

It can be frustrating to follow specific guidelines only to see no results, but there are weight-loss aids that can help. For those categorized as obese or those with an overweight BMI and a weight-associated health condition, semaglutide may help with your weight loss efforts.

What Is Semaglutide?

Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) is a medicine used in two primary demographics. Its first purpose is to help certain individuals lose weight, and its second purpose is to reduce blood sugar levels and the risk of major cardiovascular events (e.g., stroke, heart attack) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

As a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist, semaglutide works by:

  • lowering the amount of glucagon released
  • increasing insulin resistance
  • delaying gastric emptying
  • reducing appetite.

GLP-1 is a hormone primarily produced by the gut, but it also is produced by the pancreas and nervous system. It works by targeting the brain to regulate appetite, especially after eating. It also slows how quickly the stomach empties, which helps you feel fuller for longer and reduces how much you feel the need to eat.

Since semaglutide is a GLP-1 agonist, it mimics the actions of GLP-1, producing these same effects.

Semaglutide Uses

There are three brands of semaglutide, and each one is FDA approved for a specific condition.

Ozempic: a subcutaneous injection used to lower blood sugar levels in those with type 2 diabetes. It is intended to be used in conjunction with diet and exercise and may also be used for patients with cardiovascular disease to help lower the risk of stroke or heart attack.

Wegovy: a subcutaneous injection used for weight management of a specific population.

Rybelsus: a tablet taken once a day to help lower blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes, along with diet and exercise.

For those looking to lose weight through the use of semaglutide, it will be with Wegovy, which helps with long-term weight loss by regulating the body’s appetite and the number of calories consumed.

Who Can Use Semaglutide for Weight Loss?

Wegovy is intended for a specific population, which includes adults with either a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, or a BMI of 27 or higher and a health condition related to weight.

Applicable health conditions can include:

  • type 2 diabetes
  • high blood pressure
  • high cholesterol

Semaglutide for Weight Loss Benefits

Research into semaglutide for weight loss has shown many benefits.

As for GLP-1 agonists in general, they have been researched for over 16 years, consistently showing results for reducing body weight in patients with and without diabetes.

Semaglutide has been shown to be superior in promoting bodyweight reduction compared to other GLP-1 agonists, though, with the participants in a 2018 study using semaglutide exhibiting weight loss of more than 5%.

When approving Wegovy, the FDA referenced a clinical trial where those who received Wegovy lost an average of 12.4% of their body weight, with an average BMI of 38 in the participants.

Another trial cited by the FDA showed that those who took Wegovy lost 6.2% of their body weight compared to participants who were only given a placebo.

Semaglutide for Weight Loss Risks

There is a boxed warning for semaglutide regarding its ability to increase the risk of developing thyroid gland tumors, which can include the development of a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This warning is based on the observance in animal studies of the development of tumors upon administration of semaglutide, but it is unknown if this same complication will affect humans.

Because of this warning, it is often not recommended to use semaglutide if you or anyone in your family has a history of MTC or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2), which is a condition that causes tumors to develop in more than one gland in the body.

It is also important to contact your doctor immediately if, while taking semaglutide, you experience:

  • hoarseness
  • shortness of breath
  • difficulty swallowing
  • a lump or swelling in the neck

Indications

Having certain health conditions may affect how well semaglutide works, so it is important to tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, but especially:

  • diabetic retinopathy
  • depression
  • kidney disease
  • digestion problems
  • type 1 diabetes
  • type 2 diabetes (if using Wegovy)
  • thyroid cancer
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • pancreatitis

Side Effects of Wegovy

Some of the mild and common side effects associated with Wegovy include:

  • burping
  • bloating or pain in the abdomen
  • gas
  • indigestion or heartburn
  • dizziness
  • diarrhea
  • headache
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • constipation
  • fatigue
  • stomach flu

These mild side effects often go away within a few days to a couple of weeks, but be sure to talk to your doctor if they become bothersome or worsen.

While there are some potentially severe side effects of Wegovy, they are not common. However, they can include the following:

  • low blood sugar
  • gallbladder problems
  • allergic reaction
  • increased heart rate
  • pancreatitis

Improving Weight Loss Results

While semaglutide can help with weight loss, the greatest results are seen when combining it with other lifestyle changes, namely, reduced calorie intake, regular exercise, and behavioral therapy.

When examining the benefits offered by calorie reduction and semaglutide co-use, a 2021 study included 611 randomized participants to test semaglutide vs. placebo over 68 weeks, with them following a low-calorie diet for the first 8. The study found that more individuals who took semaglutide obtained bodyweight decreases of at least 5% compared to placebo, and more people from the semaglutide group obtained weight losses of 10% or 15%.

This same trial also used semaglutide as an adjunct to behavioral therapy. The researchers concluded that using semaglutide to supplement behavioral therapy may help more patients achieve more than the 5% or 10% weight loss typically seen solely through behavioral interventions at 6 to 12 months.

Calorie Reduction

Discuss with your doctor what type of calorie reduction you should follow to see results while still ensuring you are providing your body with enough fuel. Finding the correct calorie range to aim for is crucial for weight loss success, as aiming for a daily calorie amount that is too low is difficult to sustain, leading many to discontinue weight loss efforts completely.

Another way to promote weight loss is to be mindful of the food you receive these calories from. For example, it is better to meet your calorie count by consuming fruits, veggies, and whole grains than by eating only processed foods. This is because, when eating whole foods, you can consume more food, feel fuller for longer, and provide your body with essential vitamins and minerals.

Regular Exercise

Yet another critical component of reaching a healthy body weight is regular exercise. For those who are overweight, this may seem challenging because of the strain placed on the body through their excess weight, which can make exercise seem impossible.

Your doctor can discuss with you some low-impact exercises that are a great place to start, with examples that include walking, cycling, or swimming. Despite being low impact, these exercises are still a great way to get moving, nurture your body, and promote weight loss.

Behavioral Therapy

Our eating habits are primarily based on pre-set behaviors, which is why behavioral therapy can help us break these habits and forge newer and healthier habits. Behavioral therapy can consist of counseling about exercises and nutrition or education on self-monitoring these areas.

Therapy may also help someone identify their mental barriers to weight loss and help them address these challenges. When you have the tools needed to mentally face these challenges, you can see better success with your weight loss efforts.

Semaglutide for Weight Loss

For those struggling with their weight, many weight loss aides offering quick results are viewed as too good to be true, and for a good reason. Most methods touting quick results also result in fast weight regain once the diet is stopped, placing you back where you started. However, semaglutide does not promise quick and drastic results, which is one way in which it is different.

While semaglutide can help with weight loss through its modification of hormones controlling appetite, the best results are seen when it is combined with healthy lifestyle changes, such as calorie reduction, regular exercise, and behavioral therapy. When taking semaglutide, the ultimate goal is forging a healthier life, and semaglutide helps give a boost when these good habits are already in place.

If you fit the criteria for Wegovy and are interested in this medication for weight loss, reach out to our clinic today to begin making a positive change in your health.

References

Singh, G., Krauthamer, M., & Bjalme-Evans, M. (2021). Wegovy (semaglutide): a new weight loss drug for chronic weight management. Journal Of Investigative Medicine, 70(1), 5-13. doi: 10.1136/jim-2021-001952

Ahrén, B., Atkin, S. L., Charpentier, G., Warren, M. L., Wilding, J., Birch, S., Holst, A. G., & Leiter, L. A. (2018). Semaglutide induces weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes regardless of baseline BMI or gastrointestinal adverse events in the SUSTAIN 1 to 5 trials. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 20(9), 2210–2219. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13353

FDA Approves New Drug Treatment for Chronic Weight Management, First Since 2014. (2021). https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-drug-treatment-chronic-weight-management-first-2014

Wadden, T. A., Bailey, T. S., Billings, L. K., Davies, M., Frias, J. P., Koroleva, A., Lingvay, I., O’Neil, P. M., Rubino, D. M., Skovgaard, D., Wallenstein, S., Garvey, W. T., & STEP 3 Investigators (2021). Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 325(14), 1403–1413. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1831

Semaglutide Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information. (2022). https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a618008.html

 

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

Vitamins And Supplements That Increase Vaginal Lubrication

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Vaginal dryness is an unpleasant condition, and while it is most often associated with menopausal women, it can affect women at any age, with anxiety, stress, and dehydration common factors causing decreased lubrication.

In addition to being uncomfortable, vaginal dryness can negatively affect a woman’s sex life while also increasing the risk of vaginal infection, proving just how important it is to increase vaginal lubrication.

While external methods of increasing vaginal lubrication, such as with the use of lube, are available, specific vitamins and supplements may help the body increase natural lubrication, easing any discomfort caused by vaginal dryness.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is often considered for its role in bone health, but studies have shown that it can also help increase vaginal lubrication.

A review of six studies found that whether vitamin D is taken orally as a supplement or through a suppository, it can help decrease dryness affecting women during menopause.

Yet another study containing 200 older women found that higher levels of vitamin D in the blood led to higher levels of vaginal lubrication and greater consistency in vaginal moisture.

Vitamin E

Another type of vitamin that can help vaginal lubrication is vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin often lauded for its antioxidant abilities, although its benefits extend further than that. A study on 52 women who used a vitamin E suppository found that 12 weeks of use improved symptoms of vaginal atrophy, one of which was vaginal dryness.

Vaginal dryness is also an often-unknown symptom affecting women undergoing cancer treatment. A study on suppositories containing vitamin E, vitamin D, hyaluronic acid, and vitamin A showed promise for improving symptoms of vaginal dryness for women in this population.

However, one thing to keep in mind about vitamin E is that research surrounding its benefits for vaginal dryness has primarily used suppositories as the method of supplementation, and more research is needed to see if oral vitamin E can provide these same benefits.

Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is a common ingredient in skincare for its ability to increase and preserves skin hydration. As an added bonus, hyaluronic acid may be able to provide these same benefits to the vaginal lining.

Studies have shown that suppositories and topical gels containing hyaluronic acid helped to increase vaginal lubrication. These results were also observed in suppositories and topical gels with only hyaluronic acid or when combined with vitamins E and A.

Hyaluronic acid may also show promise for improving vaginal dryness when used as a supplement, especially when combined with alpha-lipoic acid, glucosamine sulfate, and vitamins A, C, and E. However, more research into hyaluronic acid as an oral supplement is needed to confirm that it is beneficial for vaginal wellness when taken this way.

DHEA

Hormones play an essential role in the state of the vagina, including its dryness or lubrication. While estrogen is the primary female sex hormone and important in regulating the female reproductive system, most of its productions would not occur without dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

DHEA is produced by the body and is an essential source of estrogen. However, DHEA levels peak in your 20s and then gradually decline, leading to lower estrogen levels and vaginal dryness.

Supplementing DHEA levels may help regulate estrogen levels and reverse vaginal dryness, though, with a 2016 study finding that a daily suppository of DHEA increased vaginal lubrication after just 12 weeks.

Low libido can also contribute to vaginal dryness, as sex drive is vital in stimulating the body for natural lubrication. However, for those with low libido, DHEA may help address this, potentially increasing vaginal lubrication.

Fish Oil

Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for the proper functioning of the endocrine system, or the system in the body responsible for your hormones.

A study in 2019 found that increasing the intake of two types of omega-3s (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) relieved menopause symptoms, including vaginal dryness.

Looking at the effect of omega-3 supplementation on hormone levels, a study found that estradiol levels increased in those who took a supplement combo of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 for eight weeks. Estradiol is a form of estrogen and often drops during menopause, contributing to vaginal dryness.

Sea Buckthorn Oil

The high fatty acid content of sea buckthorn oil, a supplement that comes from the seeds, leaves, and berries of the sea buckthorn plant, can help strengthen your skin barrier and prevent water loss in the skin.

Research regarding this oil for vaginal lubrication is limited. Still, one small study did see promising results in the ability of oral sea buckthorn oil supplementation to improve mucus quality in women suffering from vaginal atrophy, which is one contributor to vaginal dryness.

Alternative Ways to Address Vaginal Dryness

In addition to trying the above supplements, there are other actions you can take to help address your vaginal dryness.

First and foremost, avoid soaps and feminine hygiene products containing fragrances and dyes, as these can mess with the good bacteria found in the vagina, leading to an out-of-balance pH, irritation, and dryness. The vagina is self-cleaning, so allow it to work on its own.

Additionally, for those experiencing vaginal dryness during sex, make sure you are doing plenty of foreplay, which may be all that is needed to increase lubrication.

In some cases, it may be your hormonal birth control causing your vaginal dryness. Discussing this with your doctor can help determine if this is the cause and what alternatives there are.

Vitamins and Supplements for Vaginal Dryness

There are many vitamins and supplements that may be able to increase vaginal lubrication. Many of these supplements have been studied in suppository form, which involves placing them directly in the vagina, but some also show benefits when taken orally.

As with any new vitamin or supplement, it is always recommended to speak with a doctor before beginning, as they may interact with medications you already take or a health condition that you have.

For those looking to correct the imbalance in their body causing vaginal dryness, supplements and vitamins are a natural way to support your body and increase lubrication, easing discomfort. Whether they are increasing hormone production or supplementing a vitamin needed for vaginal lining integrity, vitamins and supplements can help address vaginal dryness due to a myriad of causes.

 

References

Goncharenko, V., Bubnov, R., Polivka, J., Zubor, P., Biringer, K., & Bielik, T. et al. (2019). Vaginal dryness: individualised patient profiles, risks and mitigating measures. EPMA Journal, 10(1), 73-79. doi: 10.1007/s13167-019-00164-3

Riazi, H., Ghazanfarpour, M., Taebi, M., & Abdolahian, S. (2019). Effect of Vitamin D on the Vaginal Health of Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Journal Of Menopausal Medicine, 25(3), 109. doi: 10.6118/jmm.19194

Bala, R., Kaur, H., & Nagpal, M. (2016). Authenticity of vitamin D in modified vaginal health index in geriatric subjects. International Journal Of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics And Gynecology, 4119-4122. doi: 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164067

Golmakani, N., Emamverdikhan, A., Tabassi, S., Hassanzadeh, M., Sharifi, N., & Shakeri, M. (2016). A survey of the therapeutic effects of Vitamin E suppositories on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Iranian Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research, 21(5), 475. doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.193393

Dinicola, S., Pasta, V., Costantino, D., Guaraldi, C., & Bizzarri, M. (2015). Hyaluronic acid and vitamins are effective in reducing vaginal atrophy in women receiving radiotherapy. Minerva ginecologica, 67(6), 523–531.

Dos Santos, C., Uggioni, M., Colonetti, T., Colonetti, L., Grande, A. J., & Da Rosa, M. I. (2021). Hyaluronic Acid in Postmenopause Vaginal Atrophy: A Systematic Review. The journal of sexual medicine, 18(1), 156–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.10.016

Angelucci, Michela & Federica, Frascani & Garo, Maria. (2019). Efficacy of an oral supplement containing hyaluronic acid, collagen, glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, alpha-lipoic acid, methylsulfonylmethane and vitamins on vaginal dryness in young women.. Nutrafoods. 1. 58-67. 10.17470/NF-019-0009.

Labrie, F., Archer, D. F., Koltun, W., Vachon, A., Young, D., Frenette, L., Portman, D., Montesino, M., Côté, I., Parent, J., Lavoie, L., Beauregard, A., Martel, C., Vaillancourt, M., Balser, J., Moyneur, É., & VVA Prasterone Research Group (2016). Efficacy of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on moderate to severe dyspareunia and vaginal dryness, symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy, and of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 23(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000571

Vegunta, S., Kling, J. M., & Kapoor, E. (2020). Androgen Therapy in Women. Journal of women’s health (2002), 29(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7494

Abshirini, M., Siassi, F., Koohdani, F., Qorbani, M., Khosravi, S., Aslani, Z., Pak, N., & Sotoudeh, G. (2019). Higher intake of dietary n-3 PUFA and lower MUFA are associated with fewer menopausal symptoms. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 22(2), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1547700

Al-Shaer, A., Abu-Samak, M., Hasoun, L., Mohammad, B., & Basheti, I. (2019). <p>Assessing the effect of omega-3 fatty acid combined with vitamin D3 versus vitamin D3 alone on estradiol levels: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in females with vitamin D deficiency</p>. Clinical Pharmacology: Advances And Applications, Volume 11, 25-37. doi: 10.2147/cpaa.s182927

Larmo, P. S., Yang, B., Hyssälä, J., Kallio, H. P., & Erkkola, R. (2014). Effects of sea buckthorn oil intake on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas, 79(3), 316–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.07.010

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

Unmasking Testosterone

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Testosterone replacement therapy, a vital treatment for restoring balance to declining hormone levels, is being vastly underused. Besides the stigma surrounding hormone replacement therapy, one of the primary reasons for this is that many people have undiagnosed low testosterone levels because their doctors fail to run all the important tests.

The traditional method for detecting testosterone levels measures the total testosterone in the blood. However, this provides only a portion of the information about testosterone and, therefore, provides only a tiny snippet of information about someone’s health.

In order to fully understand someone’s hormone levels, it’s important to look deeper than the total testosterone level, especially if their symptoms suggest there’s something that you’re missing.

Total Testosterone Vs. Free Testosterone

Your total testosterone levels are the amount of testosterone found in the blood. However, this can be broken up further.

Around 98% of testosterone is bound to albumin or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and these are called “bound testosterone.”

The remaining 2% of testosterone is referred to as “free testosterone” because it is unbound. It is this free testosterone that is responsible for many of the actions we associate with testosterone, including secondary sex characteristics like a deep voice and body hair.

Free testosterone is also what enters specific cells and promotes reproduction, such as in the muscles and bones.

The Problem with Total Testosterone

Most providers will use a total testosterone test to gauge testosterone levels in the body, but this doesn’t consider that only the free testosterone is what contributes to the symptoms commonly associated with low testosterone. Those with excessive bondage to albumin or SHBG may show normal total testosterone levels, but low free testosterone.

For example, a young male patient with total testosterone levels of 300-500 may be brushed aside since their testosterone levels fall within the normal range. Yet, a closer investigation shows that their free testosterone is below 10 when most men thrive on levels well into the double digits.

The same is shown with women, who have normal total testosterone of 20, but may have free testosterone as low as 0.01.

When doctors fail to listen to their patient’s symptoms and further explore their hormone levels, patients continue struggling to accomplish their everyday tasks.

It comes as no surprise that sleep problems, anxiety, depression, low energy, low libido, brain fog/difficulty concentrating, weight gain, and mood changes are becoming more common. These symptoms result from hormone imbalances, and too many doctors are not adequately measuring hormone levels.

A Rise in Symptoms

As doctors continue to avoid addressing hormone levels, there has been an understandable rise in preventable symptoms.

Just looking at testosterone, low levels have been reported with symptoms such as:

  • anger
  • anxiety
  • hostility
  • overall irritability
  • depression

Low testosterone can also increase stress levels, which then impacts cardiovascular health.

These symptoms make it challenging to enjoy daily life, vastly decreasing someone’s quality of life.

By remedying low testosterone levels, we not only improve those characteristics that we typically associate with testosterone, such as libido, muscle mass, and bone mass, but we also have a way to improve the well-being of patients that are mentally suffering because their body cannot produce enough of the hormones that they need to be happy and calm.

These patients may find that they don’t need antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs, but instead, an evaluation of their hormone levels to see if there are any imbalances.

Using Testosterone to Monitor Overall Health

Testosterone levels can also provide valuable insight into a patient’s health.

For example, testosterone levels can decrease for many reasons, not just age. In fact, in many cases, it might not be age itself that causes testosterone to decline, but the changes in health that occur with age.

Some whole-body factors that can cause a decrease in testosterone include:

  • high blood pressure
  • high cholesterol levels
  • using illegal drugs
  • being overweight or obese
  • using anabolic steroids
  • drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

By detecting low testosterone levels, a doctor may then be able to determine if it is caused by any of these conditions and what the patient can do to address it and improve their overall health. Hormones are interrelated with many body processes, and properly measuring hormones is the only way to take full advantage of this connection.

Hormone Therapy: Getting to the Root of The Problem

Hormone therapy is typically passed aside in favor of other medications.

However, patients may be prescribed multiple medications to address their symptoms, but they only act as a band-aid. To truly find relief and get off these unnecessary medications, it is necessary to address the root of the problem, which in many cases is hormonal.

Additionally, gaining control over someone’s hormones can help to prevent other health conditions from occurring. For example, having low testosterone increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. By balancing testosterone levels, the risk of developing this disease will lessen.

It’s important to look even further, too. A patient has low free testosterone, but why? Is it genetic, or is there an underlying medical condition? Asking these questions offers a way to determine what might be affecting someone’s hormone levels and can result in a solution that actually fixes the problem instead of mitigating symptoms.

An Individualized Approach

Your hormones are the most important players in regulating body processes, yet society has created a stigma surrounding hormone replacement therapy that labels it as dangerous and risky.

The problem isn’t hormone replacement therapy; the problem is the “one size fits all” mentality that has been applied to it.

Testosterone replacement therapy is becoming more popular but is also too “cookie cutter”; most people who are prescribed it are given similar dosages and treatments. However, hormones are not the same as antibiotics, they are much more individualized to the patient, and these treatments should reflect that.

When you give every patient similar hormone dosages, it’s understandable why some of these adverse side effects are happening. Doctors and scientists are trying to find a standard dosage amount, but there is nothing standard about the hormone levels in a patient’s body or how their body uses these hormones.

Some people might need more hormone therapy, while others need very little. Some patients’ bodies may quickly accept the hormone therapy, while others may not, requiring a higher dose or other intervention. As doctors, these are the consideration that must be made, yet too many are stuck on a one-path mind.

Addressing the Risks

For many doctors and patients, HRT is often seen as a risky and unfavorable option because of the adverse side effects that can occur, so let’s address this.

One of the most cited risks of HRT is the increased risk of cancer. However, research shows that this is not always the case, and for some patients, testosterone replacement therapy actually reduces cancer risk.

For example, in a 2019 study on trans men undergoing testosterone therapy, their risk of breast cancer was lower than the risk of breast cancer in cisgender women.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males, and in the past, research suggested that testosterone therapy increased the risk of prostate cancer. However, new research is showing that this relationship is more complex.

Studies have shown that a male’s baseline testosterone level can relate to the risk of prostate cancer, with some studies reporting that higher testosterone levels lead to higher risk and other studies saying the opposite. In short, other factors are likely at play here besides just testosterone levels.

Several trials regarding men on testosterone therapy also showed no higher risk of prostate cancer, and this was seen in studies that had follow-up times of 3 months, 3 years, and 20 years.

Even more, several studies have reported success in using testosterone replacement therapy as a treatment after being diagnosed with prostate cancer. They have shown no difference in recurrences between those on testosterone therapy and those without it.

This idea that HRT is a dangerous treatment that can cause cancer is an antiquated view that recent studies do not support. It is time to stop avoiding a treatment that can provide genuine benefits to patients because of outdated resources.

Even more, in studies where HRT may have increased cancer risk, the authors report that the increased risk is often very minimal, and the benefits offered by treatment far outweigh this slightly increased risk.

Making The Most of Testosterone

Considering how vital our hormones are for our body, they are often overlooked in regard to treatment. Testosterone, in particular, is a sex hormone that many do not realize plays a much larger role in both the male and female body, and its supplementation can help address many of the problems someone might be experiencing.

Not only that, but taking the time to fully understand a patient’s testosterone levels and going beyond “total testosterone” provides a clearer picture of their health. By ignoring a patient’s symptoms because the first blood test shows that everything is normal, the doctor is doing a disservice to their patient’s well-being.

Each patient is different, and because of this, their hormone levels (and what level produces certain side effects) are going to differ. It’s time that we stop chasing “normal” numbers because patients are more than a number, and they need doctors that look beyond the result of one test.

References

Johnson, J., Nachtigall, L., & Stern, T. (2013). The Effect of Testosterone Levels on Mood in Men: A Review. Psychosomatics, 54(6), 509-514. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.06.018

Yao, Q., Wang, B., An, X., Zhang, J., & Ding, L. (2018). Testosterone level and risk of type 2 diabetes in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine Connections, 7(1), 220-231. doi: 10.1530/ec-17-0253

de Blok, C., Wiepjes, C., Nota, N., van Engelen, K., Adank, M., & Dreijerink, K. et al. (2019). Breast cancer risk in transgender people receiving hormone treatment: nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands. BMJ, l1652. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l1652

Eisenberg, M. (2015). Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Prostate Cancer Incidence. The World Journal Of Men’s Health, 33(3), 125. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.2015.33.3.125

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Men Under 30

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The hormones in our body play a powerful role in many actions, but that doesn’t mean that they always stay at the level we need them. Some natural decline in hormones is expected as we age, but in some cases, this decline occurs sooner than expected.

Testosterone is one such example of this, which gradually starts declining at the age of 30. However, some men may suffer from low testosterone levels when under 30. To help support these cases, testosterone replacement therapy is a treatment option.

The Role of Testosterone

The most prominent sex hormone in men is testosterone, which is primarily produced by the testes with small quantities also produced by the adrenal glands.

Testosterone plays a prominent role in producing traditionally male characteristics, such as fat distribution, sperm production, body hair, muscle mass and strength, and a deeper voice.

However, testosterone is also crucial for other functions of the body, including regulating sex drive, bone mass, and the production of red blood cells.

Low Testosterone Levels: Signs and Potential Causes

Testosterone tends to peak during adolescence and early adulthood but then naturally declines with age, typically at a gradual rate of 1% to 2% each year starting at age 30. However, some men may find that their testosterone levels decrease more rapidly and dramatically at an earlier age, leaving younger men with low testosterone levels.

Some of the signs of testosterone deficiency in adult men include:

  • loss of muscle mass
  • reduced facial and body hair
  • hot flashes
  • low libido
  • infertility
  • small testicles
  • brittle bones
  • increased breast size
  • irritability
  • depression

Low testosterone levels can result from a range of conditions.

Some conditions affecting the testes include infection, direct injury, castration, chemotherapy, radiation treatment, or tumors.

Conditions affecting the pituitary gland can also result in low testosterone levels, with these causes including:

  • medications (especially morphine, steroids, and major tranquilizers)
  • tumors
  • HIV/AIDS
  • certain autoimmune conditions and infections

Other factors affecting testosterone levels do not impact a single organ, but instead the whole body. These factors include:

  • high blood pressure
  • high cholesterol levels
  • using illegal drugs
  • being overweight or obese
  • using anabolic steroids
  • drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

Some inherited diseases may also cause low testosterone levels in men under 30, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, Kallman’s syndrome, Down syndrome, or Klinefelter syndrome.

Those with health conditions of liver disease or diabetes may also suffer from low testosterone.

Treating Low Testosterone Levels

If you are experiencing the symptoms of low testosterone, it is important to see a doctor, especially one who specializes in hormones. Your doctor can help you determine the cause of your low testosterone, which may be from an underlying medication condition requiring treatment or lifestyle habits that can be changed.

Once the cause is determined, your doctor can work with your to help address the cause and manage your symptoms through testosterone replacement therapy.

Testosterone replacement can also help improve some of the conditions resulting from low testosterone levels. For example, men with osteoporosis due to low testosterone may see an increase in bone strength (and reduced fracture risk).

Testosterone Replacement Therapy

If you have low testosterone levels, one of the most common forms of treatment, besides addressing the cause of these low levels, is testosterone replacement therapy, which restores testosterone levels in the blood.

It is prescribed to men with hypogonadism, diagnosed through a blood test that reads testosterone levels as below 300 nanograms per deciliter. In addition, you must have symptoms such as breast growth, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction.

Testing Testosterone Levels

One problem with testing testosterone levels is that a man may appear to have normal testosterone levels, yet they still experience the symptoms of low testosterone. In these cases, measuring the amount of active (free) testosterone in the body is crucial.

Around 98% of the testosterone in the body is bound to albumin or sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). This testosterone is referred to as “bound testosterone,” and the remaining 2% that is not bound is referred to as “free testosterone.”

This free testosterone is what connects to the testosterone receptors within the body’s cells, and it is the absorption of free testosterone that allows for certain cell functions, such as cell replication in the muscles and bones. Free testosterone is also responsible for creating secondary sexual characteristics.

Most testosterone tests account for “total testosterone,” which is all the testosterone found in the bloodstream. However, these tests do not account for cases of excessive bondage to albumin or SHBG, which can decrease the amount of free testosterone.

Testing for free testosterone may uncover low testosterone levels even if total testosterone appears normal.

Receiving Testosterone Therapy

Through this treatment, which is only available with a prescription, testosterone can be delivered in many ways, including

  • injections into the muscle every few weeks
  • a patch applied inside the mouth
  • gels or patches applied to the skin
  • pellets inserted under the skin of the buttocks

When starting testosterone replacement therapy, you will often notice improvements in blood testosterone levels within a week. Improvements in sexual function, alertness, mood, energy, and overall well-being can take longer to appear, anywhere from 4 weeks to several months.

Unless your low testosterone levels are due to a medical illness, testosterone replacement therapy is often a lifelong treatment. It also requires routine checkups with your doctor to assess your blood testosterone levels and ensure that the smallest dosage is used to still obtain results.

The Power of Testosterone

For men younger than 30 who display low testosterone levels, testosterone replacement therapy is a way to restore blood testosterone levels and relieve symptoms that result from a low amount of this hormone.

Despite the many benefits of testosterone, there are some medical conditions that may make someone an unideal candidate, so it is important to discuss with your doctor if testosterone replacement therapy is right for you.

When done correctly, testosterone replacement therapy can replace testosterone levels without raising them too high. Seeing a qualified doctor who closely monitors your hormone levels is vital to minimize potential risks and see the full-body benefits of testosterone replacement therapy.

References

Rastrelli, G., Guaraldi, F., Reismann, Y., Sforza, A., Isidori, A., Maggi, M., & Corona, G. (2019). Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Sexual Symptoms. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 7(3), 464-475. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.11.005

Miner, M., Canty, D., & Shabsigh, R. (2008). Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Men: Assessing Benefits, Risks, and Best Practices. Postgraduate Medicine, 120(3), 130-153. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1914

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

COVID-19 And Its Potential Effect to Hormones

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After two years of COVID-19 exposure, many of us feel as though we know what happens with this infection. It attacks the respiratory system, causes a nasty-sounding cough, and can leave people unbelievably fatigued.

However, as research surrounding COVID-19 grows, scientists are finding that this virus may be affecting the body in more ways than we initially suspected, including an impact on our hormone levels.

COVID-19 is not the only infection to show a connection with hormones. For example, hormone dysfunction that results in menstruation abnormalities, early menopause, and miscarriage has also been documented with Hepatitis B and C and HIV infections.

It is suspected that this hormonal dysfunction occurs because the viruses cause multisystem disruption, although it may also result from organ-specific effects.

COVID-19’s Effect on the Endocrine System

The endocrine system consists of the glands that produce hormones responsible for tissue growth, metabolism, and reproduction, among many other roles. When the body needs a hormone for a specific function, the gland signals for the release of it.

However, COVID-19 may affect the endocrine system, disrupting hormone production. It can accomplish this by using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to infiltrate host cells. While COVID-19 most often penetrates cells in the lungs, it also shows the potential to enter any cell with ACE2 expression, which includes some endocrine glands.

There are five primary endocrine glands that may be susceptible to damage from COVID-19. Let’s discuss each gland and what its dysfunction means for your body.

Pancreas

The pancreas is the gland responsible for producing insulin, which helps the cells of the body take in and use blood sugar for energy. When insulin is not produced or does not work correctly, blood sugar levels can rise.

Any major illness can be associated with stress-related high blood sugar. Still, studies have reported that patients with SARS, a close variant of coronavirus, who had never received glucocorticoids showed significantly higher blood sugar levels than those with non-SARS pneumonia.

Additionally, studies have found that two out of five COVID-19 patients exhibit new-onset diabetes at admission into the hospital, and it is suspected that it occurs because of damage caused to the pancreatic ß-cells.

Studies have also found that COVID-19 may worsen insulin resistance in those who already have type 2 diabetes. This is because SARS-CoV-2 increases the serum levels of fetuin-A, which is a glycoprotein that has been linked with impaired insulin sensitivity.

Adrenal Gland

One of the primary strategies utilized by SARS-CoV-2, like other viruses such as influenza, to evade the immune system is knocking down the host’s cortisol stress response. It is suspected that this occurs through molecular mimicry. With this, the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are very similar to those of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which means the antibodies produced by the body against SARS-CoV-2 may inadvertently attack ACTH instead, blocking the stress-induced cortisol rise.

Hypothalamus – Pituitary

One neurological manifestation that can occur in those with COVID-19 is hyposmia, or a loss of smell. This is likely to occur because the cells responsible for your sense of smell express ACE2, and SARS-CoV-2 can invade these cells. Since hyposmia in COVID-19 is not associated with nasal obstruction, it becomes more like that it has a neurogenic origin.

Thyroid

The cells of the thyroid also express ACE2, which may be why hypothyroidism can result from COVID-19 infection, and why a COVID-19 infection can exacerbate an existing autoimmune thyroid disease.

On top of this, low thyroid hormones are associated with poorer COVID-19 outcomes, such as higher disease severity, ICU admission, hospitalization, and mortality.

Gonads

The testes show a high level of AE2 expression, and a study on 81 men with COVID-19 showed lower testosterone levels and significantly higher luteinizing hormone levels.

Acute COVID-19 infection can also affect the female sex hormones, with observations of menstruation abnormalities when infected. This may be because ACE2 receptor proteins are expressed in the ovaries, which supports the idea that COVID-19 temporarily disrupts ovarian hormone production.

The Effect of Hormones on COVID-19

Not only can COVID-19 infection affect the hormones produced in the body, but hormones can also affect the infection. Namely, sex hormones play a role.

Epidemiological evidence has shown a clear gender disparity regarding COVID-19 severity and fatality. While many factors can contribute to this, one is the differences in sex hormones, although it is an area still requiring more research.

While the risk of becoming infected by COVID-19 is the same for both genders, males are twice as likely as females to have a critical or fatal disease. However, these gender differences are not present in prepubescent individuals, which leads scientists to consider the effect of sex hormones on COVID-19 progression.

Differences exist between genders for those with long COVID as well, which is a condition that appears following acute COVID-19 infection. In particular, women appear to be at a greater risk of long COVID, with female gender and age under 50 as risk factors for long COVID.

Based on the differences in gender and age for long-COVID risk, it is suspected that sex hormone differences between males and females can play a role in the appearance of long COVID.

COVID-19 And Hormones: A Double-Sided Relationship

COVID-19 remains a rampant infection spreading from person to person, but our knowledge of it has risen significantly since its first introduction more than two years ago.

One observation is the way in which acute COVID-19 infection can affect the cells in many endocrine glands, including the pancreas, adrenal gland, hypothalamus/pituitary, thyroid, and gonads. This then has the potential to disrupt the hormones produced by these glands and cause a variety of symptoms.

However, this relationship goes both ways, and the hormones in the body can also affect COVID-19 severity. The differences primarily lie around gender and the difference in sex hormones. Men are twice as likely to experience a more severe acute infection, but women are more likely to suffer from long-COVID.

As more information is gained about COVID-19, we will learn more about the relationship between COVID-19 and hormones and how one affects the other.

References

Qadir, M., Bhondeley, M., Beatty, W., Gaupp, D., Doyle-Meyers, L., & Fischer, T. et al. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 infection of the pancreas promotes thrombofibrosis and is associated with new-onset diabetes. JCI Insight, 6(16). doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.151551

Yang, J., Feng, Y., Yuan, M., Yuan, S., Fu, H., & Wu, B. et al. (2006). Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabetic Medicine, 23(6), 623-628. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01861.x

Reiterer, M., Rajan, M., Gómez-Banoy, N., Lau, J., Gomez-Escobar, L., & Ma, L. et al. (2021). Hyperglycemia in acute COVID-19 is characterized by insulin resistance and adipose tissue infectivity by SARS-CoV-2. Cell Metabolism, 33(11), 2174-2188.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.009

Yapici-Eser, H., Koroglu, Y., Oztop-Cakmak, O., Keskin, O., Gursoy, A., & Gursoy-Ozdemir, Y. (2021). Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of COVID-19 Explained by SARS-CoV-2 Proteins’ Mimicry of Human Protein Interactions. Frontiers In Human Neuroscience, 15. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.656313

Bocksberger, S., Wagner, W., Hummel, T., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Hoelscher, M., & Wendtner, C. (2020). Temporäre Hyposmie bei COVID-19-Patienten. HNO, 68(6), 440-443. doi: 10.1007/s00106-020-00891-4

Tsivgoulis, G., Fragkou, P., Karofylakis, E., Paneta, M., Papathanasiou, K., & Palaiodimou, L. et al. (2021). Hypothyroidism is associated with prolonged COVID-19-induced anosmia: a case–control study. Journal Of Neurology, Neurosurgery &Amp; Psychiatry, 92(8), 911-912. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326587

Damara, F., Muchamad, G., Ikhsani, R., Hendro, Syafiyah, A., & Bashari, M. (2021). Thyroid disease and hypothyroidism are associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Diabetes &Amp; Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research &Amp; Reviews, 15(6), 102312. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102312

Ma, L., Xie, W., Li, D., Shi, L., Mao, Y., & Xiong, Y. et al. (2020). Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon male gonadal function: A single center-based study. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20037267

Stewart, S., Newson, L., Briggs, T., Grammatopoulos, D., Young, L., & Gill, P. (2021). Long COVID risk – a signal to address sex hormones and women’s health. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 11, 100242. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100242

Tramontana, F., Battisti, S., Napoli, N., & Strollo, R. (2021). Immuno-Endocrinology of COVID-19: The Key Role of Sex Hormones. Frontiers In Endocrinology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.726696

Stewart, S., Newson, L., Briggs, T., Grammatopoulos, D., Young, L., & Gill, P. (2021). Long COVID risk – a signal to address sex hormones and women’s health. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 11, 100242. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100242

Al-kuraishy, H., Al-Gareeb, A., Faidah, H., Al-Maiahy, T., Cruz-Martins, N., & Batiha, G. (2021). The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout. Frontiers In Nutrition, 8. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.649128

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

Our sexual medicine and beauty treatments in Fort Myers Florida:

Hormone Replacement Therapy Body Sculpting & Skin Tightening
HRT For Women Treatment Injectables & Neurotoxins Treatments
HRT For Men Treatment O-Shot™ Treatments
PRP Therapies for Beauty and Skin Services P-Shot™ Injection Treatments
InMode Microneedling Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
Sexual Desire Treatment Options PRP Therapies for Sexual Wellness
/by

The Relationship Between Inflammation and Sugar Consumption

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Inflammation is a natural component of the immune system that aids the body through its healing process. However, certain foods, such as sugar, can cause inflammation in the body. While this is normal, over-consumption of sugar can lead to chronic low-grade inflammation, which can contribute to many different health problems.

Let’s further explore the relationship between sugar consumption and inflammation and what you can do to protect your health.

The Connection Between Sugar and Inflammation

When the body senses an injury or infection, it reacts by releasing chemicals that fight off the harmful antigens while also protecting it. This results in inflammation, which can cause warmth, redness, and swelling.

Like a virus or bacteria, sugar can also cause inflammation in the body. Scientists believe that this is because sugar stimulates the production of free fatty acids in the liver. The compounds that result as the body digests these free fatty acids can then trigger inflammatory processes.

In 2018, a systematic review found several studies that linked the consumption of more dietary sugar, primarily due to sugary drinks, with chronic inflammation. The studies found that those who had a higher sugar diet possessed more inflammatory markers in the blood, especially a marker called C-reactive protein.

Additionally, a 2014 study found that those who reduce their sugary drink intake experienced a decrease in inflammatory markers in the blood.

Findings such as this not only show that sugar can cause inflammation, but that the inflammation caused by sugar can be undone by decreasing sugar consumption. However, it is important to do this sooner than later since, while you can lower inflammatory markers, it is not possible to undo the damage already caused by chronic inflammation.

The Dangers of Chronic Inflammation

Some of the signs of chronic inflammation can include:

  • body pain
  • anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders
  • weight gain
  • insomnia and constant fatigue
  • frequent infections
  • diarrhea, constipation, and acid reflux

Chronic inflammation can also increase the risk of certain health conditions, including depression, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and dementia.

Detecting Chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation can be gauged based on the presence of inflammatory markers, some of which include C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma viscosity (PV), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). These markers are measured through blood tests, and they serve an important role in helping doctors diagnose and monitor inflammatory conditions.

Research has shown that sugar not only increases inflammatory markers but also increases LDL cholesterol and insulin resistance. A study on 29 healthy individuals saw these increases after the participants drank just one can of soda each day, consuming an additional 40 grams of added sugar.

Not only does sugar cause inflammatory markers to spike, but this effect lasts even after the food is consumed. For example, a study on fructose consumption found that a 50 g dose of fructose caused a spike in CRP 30 minutes later, and it remained high for more than two hours.

How Does Sugar Cause Inflammation?

We’ve seen the studies showing that eating sugar causes an increase in inflammatory markers, but why is it that this occurs?

There are many ways that sugar may affect the body and cause inflammation, such as:

Increased Gut Permeability

Consuming too much sugar can increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, two conditions that can increase gut permeability.

 

The gut is a central part of the body, playing a significant role in the immune system. However, when gut permeability increases, toxins, bacteria, and undigested food can more easily move out of the gut and into the bloodstream. Your body then reacts to these foreign components with inflammation.

 

With high sugar consumption, the gut is continually “leaky,” leading to chronic low-grade inflammation.

Excess AGE Production

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are harmful compounds that can form when fat or protein combines with sugar in the bloodstream. The more sugar you consume, the more sugar in the bloodstream, and the greater chance of this happening.

When there are too many AGEs in the body, oxidative stress and inflammation can occur.

Weight Gain

One of the complications of excess sugar consumption is weight gain, which can lead to inflammation in two ways: excess fat can increase inflammatory markers and may lead to insulin resistance, increasing sugar levels in the bloodstream.

Higher LDL Cholesterol

There are two types of cholesterol in the body, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Despite there being two types of cholesterol, one is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol (LDL), while the other is referred to as “good” (HDL).

This is because LDL cholesterol contributes to the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries. This then narrows the arteries and increases the risk of stroke, heart attack, or other cardiovascular health concerns.

Excess LDL cholesterol has also been associated with higher levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP).

Sugar can increase LDL cholesterol, which then increases inflammation.

Risks of Chronic Inflammation

While sugar is not the only cause of inflammation in the body, it is a contributor, and many health conditions can result from excess sugar consumption and the resultant chronic low-grade inflammation.

Diabetes

One effect that a diet high in added sugar can cause to the body is insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone responsible for turning blood sugar into energy for cells. However, with insulin resistance, the body is unable to use the sugar circulating in the blood, and this sugar can end up building up.

Over time, this insulin resistance can lead to diabetes, a comorbidity factor for many other health concerns.

Heart Disease

Multiple studies have reported a strong link between sugary drink consumption and heart disease risk. There are many ways in which sugar can lead to this increased risk, including the increase in LDL cholesterol, increased blood pressure, increased inflammatory markers, insulin resistance, and obesity.

The relationship between sugar and heart disease can be significant, with one study on more than 75,000 women finding that a diet high in sugar and refined carbohydrates resulted in a 98% greater risk of heart disease.

Cancer

Multiple studies have shown a relationship between sugar consumption and increased cancer risk.

More research is needed to further examine this relationship, but scientists suspect that the inflammatory nature of sugar is what causes the increased risk of cancer. This is because chronic inflammation may damage the cells of the body and their DNA.

Other scientists believe that chronically high insulin levels play a role in cancer development, something to which excess sugar consumption also contributes.

How to Reduce Inflammation Naturally

You can reduce inflammation in many ways, with one of the biggest being a reduction in sugar consumption. Multiple studies have shown that eating less sugar can decrease inflammation, so this should be a top priority.

As a guide, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that your sugar intake not exceed 10% of your daily energy intake, but aiming for a lower percentage may offer greater health benefits.

Another way to naturally reduce inflammation is by getting enough sleep. Studies have shown that inflammatory markers rise when you don’t get enough sleep. So, to help with your inflammation, make sure that you are spending enough time asleep each night.

To lower inflammation, it is also helpful to avoid other foods that commonly cause inflammation. While sugar can cause inflammation in the body, it is not the only food to be a culprit of this, with some other inflammatory foods including:

  • trans fats (fried foods, fast food, donuts, cookies)
  • saturated fats (red meat, decadent desserts, full-fat dairy products)
  • alcohol
  • excess omega-6 fatty acids (sunflower oil, corn oil, vegetable oil)
  • MSG (soy sauce, prepared soups, deli meats)
  • refined carbohydrates (white rice, bread, white potatoes)

Managing your weight is another important way to reduce the risk of inflammation since obesity is a risk factor for chronic inflammation. This is because excess fat in the body can increase inflammatory factors, so weight loss is the most effective strategy for reducing chronic inflammation.

A final way to address inflammation is by correcting any hormonal balances. The sex hormones of testosterone and estrogen can slow the production of inflammatory factors. So, if estrogen or testosterone levels are low, which can occur with age and certain life stages (i.e., menopause), the production of inflammatory factors may increase.

By working with a doctor to test your hormone levels and address any imbalances, you could reduce chronic inflammation.

 

Sugar and Inflammation

While sugar is a component of many tasty drinks and beverages, consuming it in excess can cause chronic inflammation in the body, which can increase the risk of health conditions such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Sugar is not the only thing to blame for chronic inflammation, but it does play a key role and limiting sugar consumption has shown significant improvements in inflammation levels.

Other ways to address inflammation and lower it include getting enough sleep and correcting hormonal imbalances. If you are concerned about inflammation in your body, reach out to your doctor to check your inflammatory markers and discuss how to lower them and protect your health.

 

References

Hert, K., Fisk, P., Rhee, Y., & Brunt, A. (2014). Decreased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages improved selected biomarkers of chronic disease risk among US adults: 1999 to 2010. Nutrition Research, 34(1), 58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.10.005

Watson, J., Jones, H., Banks, J., Whiting, P., Salisbury, C., & Hamilton, W. (2019). Use of multiple inflammatory marker tests in primary care: using Clinical Practice Research Datalink to evaluate accuracy. British Journal Of General Practice, 69(684), e462-e469. doi: 10.3399/bjgp19x704309

Aeberli, I., Gerber, P., Hochuli, M., Kohler, S., Haile, S., & Gouni-Berthold, I. et al. (2011). Low to moderate sugar-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes inflammation in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 94(2), 479-485. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.013540

Jameel, F., Phang, M., Wood, L., & Garg, M. (2014). Acute effects of feeding fructose, glucose and sucrose on blood lipid levels and systemic inflammation. Lipids In Health And Disease, 13(1). doi: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-195

Frazier, T., DiBaise, J., & McClain, C. (2011). Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability, Obesity-Induced Inflammation, and Liver Injury. Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition, 35(5_suppl), 14S-20S. doi: 10.1177/0148607111413772

Scheithauer, T., Dallinga-Thie, G., de Vos, W., Nieuwdorp, M., & van Raalte, D. (2016). Causality of small and large intestinal microbiota in weight regulation and insulin resistance. Molecular Metabolism, 5(9), 759-770. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.002

Schmidt, A., Hori, O., Brett, J., Yan, S., Wautier, J., & Stern, D. (1994). Cellular receptors for advanced glycation end products. Implications for induction of oxidant stress and cellular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions. Arteriosclerosis And Thrombosis: A Journal Of Vascular Biology, 14(10), 1521-1528. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.14.10.1521

Bosma-den Boer, M., van Wetten, M., & Pruimboom, L. (2012). Chronic inflammatory diseases are stimulated by current lifestyle: how diet, stress levels and medication prevent our body from recovering. Nutrition &Amp; Metabolism, 9(1), 32. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-32

 

About Dr. Mel Irvine

Dr. Mel Irvine, DNP and Clinical Sexologist specializes in sexual medicine and beauty in Fort Myers Florida. She earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice at Florida Gulf Coast University and her master’s degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 2018, she completed a preceptorship at San Diego Sexual Medicine with Dr. Irwin Goldstein and obtained her clinical sexologist certification from STII with Dr. Carol Clark. She is passionate about working with singles and couples to learn and explore their sexuality and sexual health needs through providing a comfortable and nonjudgmental atmosphere. As a provider she offers a balanced and holistic approach that encompasses a multimodal care delivery model.

 


 

 

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